芝加哥大學(xué)科學(xué)家發(fā)明了“量子笛子”,可以使光粒子一起移動(dòng)
指南者留學(xué)
2022-07-05 15:08:56
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneMGE6s8Aa6Q2ktn1LGUd6g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>突破可能為新的量子技術(shù)指明道路</strong></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaMuwU2qSyaWgYFK6lkw50b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcng2sEYUOSIaeqGiMmYBli6C" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">芝加哥大學(xué)物理學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)新的“量子長(zhǎng)笛”實(shí)驗(yàn)可以為新的量子技術(shù)指明道路。這些孔產(chǎn)生不同的波長(zhǎng),類似于長(zhǎng)笛上的“音符”,可用于編碼量子信息。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnw02swqMSYaYkoolDRi9Pqb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">芝加哥大學(xué)的物理學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種“量子笛”,就像Pied Piper一樣,它可以以前所未有的方式強(qiáng)制光粒子一起移動(dòng)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcni6A2yw626KuAYUwqwruLqb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在《<em>物理評(píng)論快報(bào)》和《</em><em>N</em><em>ature Physics</em>》上發(fā)表的兩項(xiàng)研究中,這一突破可能為在量子計(jì)算機(jī)中實(shí)現(xiàn)量子記憶或新形式的糾錯(cuò),以及觀察自然界中看不到的量子現(xiàn)象指明了道路。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcni6A2yw626KuAYUwqwruLqb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695905103/1657695905103.jpg" width="305" height="703" /></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniOK8me4omAWYG6BfthONYf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">照片由舒斯特實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAka8kweQM6ooaGyxyUjByd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">副教授David Schuster的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究量子比特 - 相當(dāng)于計(jì)算機(jī)比特的量子 - 利用粒子在原子和亞原子水平上的奇怪特性來(lái)做本來(lái)不可能的事情。在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,他們正在處理微波光譜中被稱為光子的光粒子。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyEK2miwcqy48iIVkLZPmcg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)由一個(gè)由單個(gè)金屬塊制成的長(zhǎng)腔組成,旨在捕獲微波頻率的光子。腔體是通過(guò)鉆偏移孔(如凹槽上的孔)制成的。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn82a8CEoKqYEweoqlY6P0Xf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“就像在樂(lè)器中一樣,”舒斯特說(shuō),“你可以在整個(gè)物體上發(fā)送一個(gè)或多個(gè)波長(zhǎng)的光子,每個(gè)波長(zhǎng)都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)'音符',可以用來(lái)編碼量子信息。然后,研究人員可以使用主量子位(一種超導(dǎo)電路)來(lái)控制“音符”的相互作用。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmKa842eYQo440szpuTWVVb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEiQEAIeCI6yus1KL2Tvujg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">但他們最奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是光子一起表現(xiàn)的方式。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUi0y0sEkqCkai8CyaiRMDe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在自然界中,光子幾乎從不相互作用 - 它們只是相互傳遞。通過(guò)艱苦的準(zhǔn)備,科學(xué)家有時(shí)可以促使兩個(gè)光子對(duì)彼此的存在做出反應(yīng)。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKaYg86Om2qKgi2b2tKvmnd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcna4OUWKmaE8CQYNo7DtLyWb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“在這里,我們做了一些更奇怪的事情,”舒斯特說(shuō)。“起初,光子根本不相互作用,但是當(dāng)系統(tǒng)中的總能量達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn)時(shí),突然之間,它們都在相互交談。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWsm4sk0IsK4OmAB2qCyMUb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)中,讓這么多光子彼此“交談”是非常奇怪的,就像看到一只貓用后腿走路一樣。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIcKkOic4CKGISXgk8vVjPx" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOmwu0AWcUmgUET9oDZo5qd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“通常,大多數(shù)粒子相互作用是一對(duì)一的 - 兩個(gè)粒子相互反彈或吸引,”Schuster說(shuō)。“如果你添加第三個(gè),他們通常仍然與一個(gè)或另一個(gè)按順序交互。但這個(gè)系統(tǒng)讓它們同時(shí)相互作用。</span></div>
<blockquote class=" old-record-id-doxcnmyMUCEqC8SWyI9QQtf78Eh" data-type="quote_container">
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnU2I0sSe0iYG4melensshze" style="text-align: center;"><span class="p"><em>“就像在樂(lè)器中一樣...每個(gè)波長(zhǎng)都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)可用于編碼量子信息的'音符'。</em></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6kEyAU2EOgG6wf2r6YZqsc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">—副教授大衛(wèi)·舒斯特</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2yYMSyoQKeWWYns5w37llc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoQc4OME4MeWmgHHwbnm4Fb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)一次只測(cè)試了多達(dá)五個(gè)“音符”,但科學(xué)家們最終可以想象通過(guò)一個(gè)量子位運(yùn)行數(shù)百或數(shù)千個(gè)音符來(lái)控制它們。Schuster說(shuō),對(duì)于像量子計(jì)算機(jī)這樣復(fù)雜的操作,工程師希望盡可能地簡(jiǎn)化,“如果你想建造一臺(tái)1000位的量子計(jì)算機(jī),你可以通過(guò)一個(gè)比特控制所有這些計(jì)算機(jī),那將是非常有價(jià)值的。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmYUYQkmWiAc6EHVBGSNPIe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnC4EacccYoKWy80XnlJkWdO" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">研究人員也對(duì)這種行為本身感到興奮。沒(méi)有人在自然界中觀察到這樣的相互作用,所以研究人員也希望這一發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠有助于模擬在地球上甚至看不到的復(fù)雜物理現(xiàn)象,甚至可能包括黑洞的一些物理學(xué)。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIK6OGOWIomy6qKO9yyrxBf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">除此之外,實(shí)驗(yàn)也很有趣。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWCyqOMaQyksYeuNsxXSOmf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKS4WGky6QE0icxIfvMqJBb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“通常,量子相互作用發(fā)生在長(zhǎng)度和時(shí)間尺度上,太小或太快而無(wú)法看到。在我們的系統(tǒng)中,我們可以測(cè)量任何音符中的單個(gè)光子,并觀察相互作用發(fā)生時(shí)的效果。“看到”與眼睛的量子相互作用真的非常整潔,“芝加哥大學(xué)博士后研究員Srivatsan Chakram說(shuō),他是該論文的共同第一作者,現(xiàn)在是羅格斯大學(xué)的助理教授。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0yAAigQUAyiYohSp4GdUle" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnGq02sqU0wEm8s3TfrPWMDh" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"3d90cc51-f943-46aa-b1da-3d0d7a7483e7","height":776,"width":1380,"currHeight":776,"currWidth":1380,"natrualHeight":776,"natrualWidth":1380,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2Fboxcn1BLA2mxMq47rvpqUhOewUg%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnGq02sqU0wEm8s3TfrPWMDh%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcn1BLA2mxMq47rvpqUhOewUg","image_type":"image/png","size":1625488,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695972756/1657695972756.png" width="808" height="454" /></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngC46o0oiIiMEkzifc6y01e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">芝加哥大學(xué)David Schuster實(shí)驗(yàn)室的成員。 照片由舒斯特實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6Oe2aAisEIucwZ8OcbgdDf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngGeYwe642I2Y2ixbeaRaqb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">研究生Kevin He是該論文的另一位第一作者。其他合著者是研究生Akash Dixit和Andrew Oriani;前芝加哥大學(xué)學(xué)生Ravi K. Naik(現(xiàn)就職于加州大學(xué)伯克利分校)和Nelson Leung(現(xiàn)就職于Radix Trading);博士后研究員馬文龍(現(xiàn)就職于中國(guó)科學(xué)院半導(dǎo)體研究所);普利茲克分子工程學(xué)院蔣亮教授;以及韓國(guó)三星先進(jìn)技術(shù)研究院的訪問(wèn)研究員Hyeokshin Kwon。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKm08is0yGCycMHHxF0BSQh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIgiuKmouwgsIe6uaDoZMoh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">舒斯特是詹姆斯·弗蘭克研究所和普利茲克分子工程學(xué)院的成員。研究人員使用芝加哥大學(xué)的普利茲克納米制造設(shè)施來(lái)生產(chǎn)這些設(shè)備。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOI0KEmE8gKm8GyIFgYFdfh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAkw2OU2mqGkQQ1Il65OiMg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>引文:“</em><em>多模光子封鎖</em><em>”。Chakram and He等人,</em>Nature Physics<em>,2022年6月23日。</em></span></div>
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