鉆石將在華威大學(xué)和倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的新項(xiàng)目中揭示量子奧秘
指南者留學(xué)
2022-08-03 15:40:35
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<div><span class="p">來(lái)自華威大學(xué)和倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的一組物理學(xué)家從科學(xué)技術(shù)設(shè)施委員會(huì)獲得了50萬(wàn)英鎊的資金,使鉆石同時(shí)存在于兩個(gè)地方的疊加中。</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">科學(xué)家們正在測(cè)試大于原子和分子的物體是否可以以量子疊加態(tài)存在。</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">可以為量子計(jì)算和量子傳感帶來(lái)新的見(jiàn)解</span></div>
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnqaWqGQ4mUQeyiqkIRpnRue" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"1c3e5479-8111-4b48-983c-0c9690add7de","height":262,"width":400,"currHeight":262,"currWidth":400,"natrualHeight":262,"natrualWidth":400,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnNAEAIv3zkOsC0oS8NPK5sg%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnqaWqGQ4mUQeyiqkIRpnRue%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnNAEAIv3zkOsC0oS8NPK5sg","image_type":"image/jpeg","size":14998,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1659598815697/1659598815697.png" width="400" height="262" /></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCc2mS0ugWCMSWmYQQtq06g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6mMQWEAgEkmaWYlXpOHhGs" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">華威大學(xué)和倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(University of Warwick)和倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(UCL)的一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目旨在通過(guò)嘗試使鉆石同時(shí)存在于兩個(gè)地方的疊加態(tài)中來(lái)回答量子物理學(xué)的一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsGiIK2mA8qYKYvQg3Pf8Hd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">這項(xiàng)雄心勃勃的實(shí)驗(yàn)有朝一日可能會(huì)通過(guò)一種由倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院,沃里克大學(xué)和許多其他大學(xué)的研究人員團(tuán)隊(duì)在聯(lián)合工作中開(kāi)創(chuàng)的方法,導(dǎo)致對(duì)引力量子性質(zhì)的長(zhǎng)期追捧測(cè)試。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnageciEeIEiYSqcP2zePUah" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">該項(xiàng)目是由科學(xué)和技術(shù)設(shè)施委員會(huì)從其基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)量子技術(shù)計(jì)劃中獲得500,000英鎊的贈(zèng)款實(shí)現(xiàn)的。十七個(gè)新項(xiàng)目將解決量子技術(shù)的基本研究問(wèn)題 - 從反物質(zhì)引力的探索到暗物質(zhì)探測(cè)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGuw0YAM2O4w0wpYDWilSXc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">英國(guó)研究與創(chuàng)新(UKRI)正在為此投入600萬(wàn)英鎊,并支持其現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)量子技術(shù)(QTFP)計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃由科學(xué)技術(shù)設(shè)施委員會(huì)(STFC)和工程和物理科學(xué)研究委員會(huì)(EPSRC)聯(lián)合資助。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIOqoImCq6WyWkfiaPjePhp" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">量子力學(xué)允許一個(gè)物體,無(wú)論多么大,都可以被描述為同時(shí)存在于不同的地方。這稱(chēng)為空間疊加。盡管量子力學(xué)的疊加原理是違反直覺(jué)的,并且與我們的日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)直接沖突,但它已經(jīng)使用原子和分子進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIoMawsUSWmU4w7iIlcRcfj" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">華威大學(xué)的物理學(xué)家將使用微小的合成鉆石,稱(chēng)為納米金剛石,其直徑僅為一微米,以探索較大的物體是否可以表現(xiàn)出量子行為。研究人員將與Element Six(<a href="http://www.e6.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.e6.com</a>)和卡迪夫大學(xué)的合作者合作,制造具有單個(gè)精確缺陷的納米金剛石。鉆石高度規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)中的這種缺陷稱(chēng)為氮空位中心(NVC)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaOm2YUY6cWQS06QGn57ufc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">NVC具有一種有用的磁性量子特性,稱(chēng)為“自旋”。自旋可以被描述為同時(shí)處于自旋上升狀態(tài),自旋下降狀態(tài)或兩種狀態(tài)的量子疊加態(tài)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqQEG2uaCYw0YG8yJdvfXoh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">嵌入納米金剛石中的自旋將被微波的外部脈沖置于這種疊加狀態(tài)。沃里克團(tuán)隊(duì)在這種技術(shù)上得到了很好的實(shí)踐,而UCL團(tuán)隊(duì)則參與了基礎(chǔ)理論的提出。然而,對(duì)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目,他們也會(huì)嘗試在納米金剛石被磁懸浮并且能夠長(zhǎng)距離自由移動(dòng)時(shí)做到這一點(diǎn)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMSsIaAiciOsKgEFFjlN4eJ" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">研究人員認(rèn)為,使用這種實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置,納米金剛石將進(jìn)入一個(gè)以相反方向移動(dòng)的疊加態(tài),對(duì)應(yīng)于其自旋態(tài)的疊加 - 因此同時(shí)處于兩個(gè)地方的疊加態(tài)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuSY2YgkuqKi463VLSoedUe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">鉆石中的氮空位中心是多種量子技術(shù)的強(qiáng)大平臺(tái),包括量子計(jì)算,量子通信和量子傳感??茖W(xué)家們預(yù)計(jì),他們?cè)谶@個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的工作將推進(jìn)這些量子技術(shù),并應(yīng)導(dǎo)致一類(lèi)基于疊加懸浮納米金剛石的新型更靈敏的傳感器。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcng2SaAIUoC8w0Ea737Lvih0" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGuEw2WqUAG6IcHwz0TsH0g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>沃里克物理系的Gavin Morley博士說(shuō):</strong>“量子力學(xué)很好地描述了原子和分子,但是更大的事物呢?該項(xiàng)目有一個(gè)雄心勃勃的目標(biāo),即測(cè)試由超過(guò)一百萬(wàn)倍的原子組成的懸浮納米金剛石是否可以顯示這種量子行為。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0YgSKS0UIi0sGmgjXYAf5b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMa8kWQEqKCQm4VLQe7bqkh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“量子力學(xué)和廣義相對(duì)論是我們對(duì)物理世界的最佳解釋?zhuān)珜?duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),了解如何使它們協(xié)同工作是物理學(xué)中最有趣的問(wèn)題。懸浮的納米金剛石為最終進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)提供了一條途徑,可以解開(kāi)這個(gè)深刻的難題。</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIAMCQCUas0Eusxb9LufLzh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaW0CYWAcOeGaaWA9ubHvTe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的Sougato Bose教授說(shuō):</strong>“我們很高興這為我們提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),讓我們邁出量子疊加的第一步,晶體的'這里'和'那里',這最終將為測(cè)試引力的量子本質(zhì)鋪平道路。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW00aaQEoyOI00kecKklCdh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>STFC項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行主任Grahame Blair教授說(shuō):</strong>“這組新的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該為我們利用量子計(jì)算,成像,傳感和模擬等尖端量子技術(shù)對(duì)宇宙的理解做出寶貴貢獻(xiàn)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAoEq0kiks8yCqQfILkmLRd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">新的贈(zèng)款繼續(xù)支持英國(guó)研究界探索量子技術(shù)在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)方面的應(yīng)用的多樣性 - 從中微子質(zhì)量研究到尋找違反自然界基本對(duì)稱(chēng)性的研究。</span></div>
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