可拉伸探針測量帕金森氏癥、抑郁癥和腸道疾病的核心大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)
指南者留學(xué)
2022-06-01 14:58:38
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnOGKeAuks0UcQea5iHOe8Zd" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"50bc325d-ace4-485a-8375-339146c47744","height":800,"width":2000,"currHeight":800,"currWidth":2000,"natrualHeight":800,"natrualWidth":2000,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnwxHQukdgRcJanP01BIgZUf%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnOGKeAuks0UcQea5iHOe8Zd%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnwxHQukdgRcJanP01BIgZUf","image_type":"image/png","size":2324880,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695321937/1657695321937.png" width="807" height="323" /></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneASOoe0suOoCqmkQ0IgNze" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6"><em>圖片來源:Stanford Bio-X:鮑振安博士,K. K. Lee工程學(xué)院教授,化學(xué)工程系主任;和生物學(xué)副教授陳曉科博士。 </em></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneASOoe0suOoCqmkQ0IgNze" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6"><em>六月1st,2022 - 由Kristin Lynn Sainani</em></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW2uWoUeAoAu6MZb3rhnYkc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">一種新的類似弦的植入物可以監(jiān)測大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)的波動(dòng),就像大腦的健身追蹤器一樣。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQsc6g04U8wOW4vEzLvfib6" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">腦化學(xué)失衡是許多神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的核心。這些相同的大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)也在腸道健康中發(fā)揮作用。因此,斯坦福大學(xué)的科學(xué)家發(fā)明了“NeuroString”——一種柔軟的植入式探針,可以與大腦和腸道組織無縫連接。他們在<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04615-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">《自然》雜志最近的一篇論文中</a>描述了這種探測器。它在抑郁癥,帕金森病和腸道疾病中具有潛在的應(yīng)用。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwQIauo0CMysoEX7tlBdnHg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“人們試圖理解大腦的主流方式是閱讀和記錄電信號(hào),”該論文的第一作者李金星說。“但化學(xué)信號(hào)在大腦溝通中起著同樣重要的作用,它們也與疾病直接相關(guān)。李在斯坦福大學(xué)<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/zhenan-bao" target="_blank" rel="noopener">的鮑振安</a>實(shí)驗(yàn)室開始并擔(dān)任博士后工作。他現(xiàn)在是密歇根州立大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程助理教授。鮑是斯坦福大學(xué)工程學(xué)院的K. K. Lee教授和化學(xué)工程系主任。</span></div>
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<h1 class="heading-1 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyow8U04e8OGkgPTO6NUACd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>“我們第一次看到來自探測器的信號(hào)是尤里卡時(shí)刻。”</em> <em>—陳曉科博士</em></span></h1>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmc2aW0cG00MeqemBMkHdee" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">NeuroString測量多巴胺和血清素,這兩種化學(xué)信使調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)元中的電信號(hào)。多巴胺以其在大腦獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)中的作用而聞名;血清素是百憂解等抗抑郁藥的靶標(biāo)。兩者都參與運(yùn)動(dòng),睡眠,食欲和消化。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWU0mioIYi2GmMjtVMWvAAb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">測量多巴胺和血清素的植入物已經(jīng)存在,但它們是由包裹在玻璃管中的剛性碳棒制成的。“這些都是非常嚴(yán)格的探測器。它們非常脆,“李說。植入物不僅會(huì)破碎,還會(huì)對大腦中粘稠的組織產(chǎn)生摩擦,這會(huì)使腦細(xì)胞發(fā)炎并降解植入物。</span></div>
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnMk2WWU8oQGGagJcfy5ddKe" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"6504eeac-8b97-47d1-a376-832eb719b4fc","height":1129,"width":1050,"currHeight":1129,"currWidth":1050,"natrualHeight":1129,"natrualWidth":1050,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnOM9M5uPZgZw0DfpKYH5czc%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnMk2WWU8oQGGagJcfy5ddKe%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnOM9M5uPZgZw0DfpKYH5czc","image_type":"image/png","size":325213,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695328975/1657695328975.png" width="807" height="868" /></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnACyeC8QUKkkEK85cfJGF7g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>李金星/寶實(shí)驗(yàn)室,斯坦福大學(xué): 小鼠結(jié)腸中的神經(jīng)弦探針。</em></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUEWUiQw2uYiSwtiJEgqR4b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">鮑的實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)軟探針。“我的團(tuán)隊(duì)制造軟電子技術(shù)已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間了,”K. K. Lee教授、斯坦福大學(xué)工程學(xué)院化學(xué)工程系主任Bao說。探針由石墨烯制成,石墨烯是一種原子薄的碳形式。鮑的團(tuán)隊(duì)使用激光將李所描述的“毛茸茸的石墨烯糾纏網(wǎng)絡(luò)”雕刻成塑料。該塑料含有在石墨烯表面變成納米顆粒點(diǎn)的分子,可以提高同時(shí)測量多巴胺和血清素的靈敏度和選擇性。然后,他們將網(wǎng)絡(luò)嵌入到橡膠矩陣中。“石墨烯本身不是很可拉伸,但如果它被纏繞成網(wǎng)狀并嵌入橡膠中,那么它就會(huì)變得可拉伸,”李解釋說。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8kW6AKIMK4kqOegDaYW2Hh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">鮑補(bǔ)充說:“這就像一個(gè)桐生。如果你把圖案切成,然后你可以拉伸它,你會(huì)看到某種中空連接的紙張網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這里也是一樣的,但網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由石墨烯片組成的。NeuroString具有與生物組織相同的柔軟度。“傳感器柔軟而有彈性,就像橡皮筋一樣,植入大腦或腸道時(shí)不會(huì)造成損傷,這不僅柔軟而且不斷移動(dòng),”鮑說。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWaQYwYQkMI06iek56MGrvf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">為了測試探針,鮑的團(tuán)隊(duì)與斯坦福大學(xué)生物學(xué),精神病學(xué),胃腸病學(xué)和外科的科學(xué)家合作。“我認(rèn)為這是斯坦福大學(xué)最有特權(quán)的部分:它非常開放和協(xié)作,”李說。這項(xiàng)工作得到了<a href="https://biox.stanford.edu/research/seed-grants/interdisciplinary-initiatives-program-seed-grant-closed-loop-neurochemical" target="_blank" rel="noopener">斯坦福大學(xué)Bio-X種子基金</a>和吳蔡神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所<a href="https://neuroscience.stanford.edu/research/funded-research/stanford-brain-organogenesis-program-phase-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">神經(jīng)科學(xué)大創(chuàng)意基金的支持</a>,這兩項(xiàng)基金都鼓勵(lì)跨學(xué)科合作。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6akQkQqqqM4uyeIcgZDH1e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,研究小組將NeuroString植入了同一只小鼠的大腦和腸道。當(dāng)他們給小鼠喂食巧克力糖漿時(shí),NeuroString檢測到大腦中多巴胺的峰值和腸道中血清素的峰值 - 兩者都是對巧克力的預(yù)期反應(yīng)。多巴胺是在大腦中產(chǎn)生的,而血清素主要是在腸道中產(chǎn)生的。在另一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,與健康小鼠相比,NeuroString在腸道炎癥小鼠中檢測到腸道血清素的獨(dú)特模式。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmwyA8kQSWm0cHGuSFwSpzf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“我們第一次看到來自探測器的信號(hào)是一個(gè)尤里卡時(shí)刻,”共同作者,生物學(xué)副教授<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/xiaoke-chen" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Xiaok Chen</a>說。“在自由移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物中慢性記錄多巴胺和血清素信號(hào)是我們一直想做的夢想實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過這種美好的合作,我們能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuqcM64wMU2K4eshmqqgifc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">植入的小鼠行為和飲食正常,排便正常。“關(guān)于該工具令人興奮的事情是,它似乎沒有破壞組織的正常功能,”共同作者,醫(yī)學(xué)教授<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/aida-habtezion" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aida Habtezion</a>說。這意味著植入物有朝一日可以用于人類的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測,類似于智能手表,但能夠跟蹤生化水平,而不是心率或步數(shù),她說。Habtezion目前正在休假,并擔(dān)任輝瑞公司的首席醫(yī)療官,但在她還在斯坦福大學(xué)時(shí)就為這項(xiàng)工作做出了貢獻(xiàn)。</span></div>
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnCgwA6gSOQ0gaSoaQycjE9B" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"71b8af4c-7833-4632-a2f3-5dd6d212ed23","height":1550,"width":1550,"currHeight":1550,"currWidth":1550,"natrualHeight":1550,"natrualWidth":1550,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnbfLXSSfOVYceS0BhLdEvBb%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnCgwA6gSOQ0gaSoaQycjE9B%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnbfLXSSfOVYceS0BhLdEvBb","image_type":"image/png","size":3383908,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695335612/1657695335612.png" width="807" height="808" /></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKgGcW2KScYSYYNbrmjgOyf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>照片由Stanford Bio-X拍攝:Zhenan Bao博士(左)和Xiaok Chen博士在實(shí)驗(yàn)室。</em></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcne4GI2gSkkaG2y02dtXItvh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">跟蹤腸道中的血清素水平可能有助于診斷和監(jiān)測腸道疾病,如腸易激綜合征。跟蹤大腦中的多巴胺水平可能對帕金森病有用,帕金森病是由缺乏多巴胺引起的。帕金森病的治療方法之一,深部腦刺激,部分通過刺激神經(jīng)元產(chǎn)生更多的多巴胺來起作用。如果深部腦刺激器可以與NeuroString配對,這將使醫(yī)生能夠精確控制釋放的多巴胺量。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOSQMaQ0SUSiUEZw0WMyNxf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">植入物尚未準(zhǔn)備好用于臨床。首先,探頭仍然連接到讀出信號(hào)的電線上;需要一個(gè)無線版本才能用于人類。與此同時(shí),探測器在研究中有許多用途。例如,像百憂解這樣的抗抑郁藥通過調(diào)節(jié)血清素水平起作用,這可能解釋了為什么它們有時(shí)會(huì)引起胃腸道副作用,Chen說。“我們現(xiàn)在擁有的工具可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測這些藥物對小鼠模型中大腦和腸道血清素波動(dòng)的影響。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwc48U4aMc46gleIfkmaEdj" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">他補(bǔ)充說:“現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)證明探測器是有效的,我們想要解決一長串生物學(xué)問題。</span></div>
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