智能恒溫器無意中使電網(wǎng)緊張
指南者留學
2022-07-22 15:19:39
閱讀量:1230
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUqg6Ce06uUOW4sBJrBU0De" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">與Max Zhang一起進行研究的工程學博士生Alfredo Rodriguez調(diào)整了一個智能恒溫器。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsqyOyS8CAEkKmY4bvCsqoe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">智能恒溫器 - 那些不起眼的墻壁設(shè)備,幫助房主控制用電量并節(jié)省能源 - 可能會落入一個愚蠢的陷阱。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoQkuYEaMceyOy2zJqx2dpe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">默認情況下,智能恒溫器設(shè)置為在黎明前打開,無意中與社區(qū)和地區(qū)的其他恒溫器協(xié)同工作,以促使電網(wǎng)上無意中出現(xiàn)廣泛的能源需求峰值。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoQM2WWEC0IyEIfK36lqzIc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">康奈爾大學的工程師們在即將發(fā)表在《應(yīng)用能源》(2022年9月)上的一篇論文中說,智能恒溫器正在為房主節(jié)省資金,但它們也在一天中的糟糕時刻啟動了整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的峰值需求。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2KoSsSkeoac2cvJRZSUuic" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“許多家庭的智能恒溫器在冬季的晚上會降低溫度,”康奈爾大學西布利機械與航空航天工程學院教授馬克斯·張(Max Zhang)和康奈爾大學阿特金森可持續(xù)發(fā)展中心(Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability)的凱西·德懷爾·大理石(Kathy Dwyer Marble)和柯特大理石學院院長馬克斯·張(Max Zhang)說。“可以在你醒來之前對溫度進行編程,以上升 - 你會有一個溫暖的房子。這是明智之舉。但是,如果每個人都保持默認設(shè)置,比如早上6點,電網(wǎng)就會遭受同步的需求高峰,這對系統(tǒng)來說并不明智。這就是挑戰(zhàn)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUwkmswAIAYcCObqV2GRNpb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“隨著我們使供暖部門電氣化以使電網(wǎng)脫碳,”他說,“這種所謂的負載同步將在不久的將來成為一個問題。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSUCo6k8EAiOge63hPNNI8c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Zachary E. Lee博士'22是論文“智能恒溫器在向電氣化供暖過渡中的意外后果”的合著者。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwYMSmQSAS6osS6c5JmyN4b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">根據(jù)該論文,到2021年,大約40%的美國家庭擁有智能恒溫器,因為公用事業(yè)公司鼓勵采用智能恒溫器。Lee和Zhang檢查了紐約州2,200多個家庭的冬季智能恒溫器數(shù)據(jù),這些家庭以其寒冷的冬季氣候以及城市,郊區(qū)和農(nóng)村社區(qū)的混合而聞名。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnI2qokQQ4iwIMQjXpJNSfNc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">購買智能恒溫器的房主可以選擇與電力公司匿名共享他們的數(shù)據(jù)以進行研究。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnasgS4OmyGEA28N8JjrvTne" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Lee和Zhang調(diào)查了“設(shè)定值行為”,并了解到大多數(shù)房主使用智能恒溫器的出廠默認設(shè)置。作者說,有證據(jù)表明,居民仍然對如何操作恒溫器感到困惑,并且經(jīng)常無法對其進行編程。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYcqKMikqMUsKYdvsI4eBgh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">事實上,他們的數(shù)據(jù)表明,房主實現(xiàn)的節(jié)能效果僅為5%至8%,遠低于設(shè)備25%至30%的潛力。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKucaGyEMqWcuIFLe3oI2be" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">如果數(shù)百個家庭的智能恒溫器設(shè)置為在早上6點打開,那么電網(wǎng)將在早上6點達到峰值,這是紐約州冬季白天前約一個小時。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMcwYOUCU2E0Emq1s0eESXb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">雖然設(shè)定點時間表旨在實現(xiàn)節(jié)能效益,但峰值需求主要集中在可再生能源不可用時 - 根據(jù)該論文,峰值需求增加了近50%。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmW0GgAQaEOIC6Acucay6Nf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“智能恒溫器數(shù)據(jù)顯示,每日高峰供暖需求的頻率增加,”Lee說,“以及整體峰值需求幅度的增加。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEy4UcEsacOW6kCP5H40xub" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">如果沒有一種可行的方法來存儲太陽能等可再生能源的能量,電力公司將無法滿足這一峰值需求,這促使化石燃料發(fā)電機滿足電力負荷。“這可以抵消電氣化的溫室氣體排放效益,”李說。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYo84kkQI6600UB9sWKpBZb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">Zhang指出了解決電網(wǎng)上日益增長的壓力的方法,例如教育消費者如何使用智能恒溫器,以及錯開早上的啟動時間。“由于房主涉及的安全和隱私問題,問題并不簡單,”張說。“然而,最終,我們必須使智能恒溫器更加智能。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniQ8yYywy2SYQcRT58PlA7e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">美國國家科學基金會資助了這項工作。</span></div>
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