中大響應(yīng)「管病以減中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
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2022-07-22 17:35:33
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6iOeAMiwuooiaG8ZhO6jNd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大醫(yī)學(xué)院腦神經(jīng)科團(tuán)隊(duì)早前進(jìn)行全港社區(qū)腦健康研究,篩查550名40至75歲市民,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)中逾六成半?yún)⒓诱哳净疾煌潭鹊哪X小血管病。 藉「世界腦健康日」鼓勵(lì)大眾關(guān)注腦健康及疾病,提高預(yù)防及治療腦疾病的意識(shí)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwKmQ6K82MsMe6AE0cSWpAg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="h6">研究團(tuán)隊(duì)成員包括(左起)中大利國(guó)偉腦神經(jīng)學(xué)教授、醫(yī)學(xué)院內(nèi)科及藥物治療學(xué)系腦神經(jīng)科主任及香港腦科學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)梁慧康教授及助理教授葉耀明醫(yī)生。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMuCAMYmsAwMW4A5ositGbb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">香港中文大學(xué)(中大)醫(yī)學(xué)院腦神經(jīng)科于2019至2021年期間透過(guò)全港社區(qū)腦健康研究篩查550名40至75歲市民,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)中逾六成半?yún)⒓诱哳净疾煌潭鹊哪X小血管病。 腦小血管病是中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥的主要成因,研究團(tuán)隊(duì)冀借著世界腦健康日,呼吁大眾管理可引致腦小血管病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素及建立健康的生活模式。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUUSUW4Okw4y6Ov8Iw88goi" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">為提升世界各地關(guān)注和付<em>諸</em>行動(dòng)以減輕腦神經(jīng)疾病負(fù)擔(dān),世界神經(jīng)病學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)將每年7月22日訂為「世界腦健康日」。 今年的主題是促進(jìn)全民腦健康,希望藉此鼓勵(lì)大眾關(guān)注腦健康及疾病,提高預(yù)防及治療腦疾病的意識(shí)。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0I4MG2uo6uCMq2pAu1htLd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>腦小血管病可致中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥 </strong></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkeemuYsqsg0uYtxHLRbGSf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">根據(jù)政府統(tǒng)計(jì)處推算,香港65歲或以上人口將于未來(lái)20年上升近一倍,由2019年的132萬(wàn)人升至2039年的252萬(wàn),占總?cè)丝谌种?lt;a href="https://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/press/129697/#_ftn1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[1]</a>。 香港作為全球最長(zhǎng)壽地區(qū)<a href="https://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/press/129697/#_ftn2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[2]</a>,長(zhǎng)者的生活質(zhì)素取決于他們能否維持認(rèn)知和獨(dú)立生活的能力。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMga8GsoImK4KEDzFy4Penf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">很多腦神經(jīng)疾病都會(huì)影響長(zhǎng)者的生活質(zhì)素,包括腦小血管病變。 腦小血管病初期未必有明顯病征,但倘若情況惡化,患者不但會(huì)出現(xiàn)認(rèn)知功能受損、抑郁、步履不穩(wěn)、尿頻或失禁,嚴(yán)重更可能增加臨床中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 國(guó)際研究顯示腦小血管病變患者中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較一般人高2.3倍,患上認(rèn)知障礙癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)則高近一倍。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CumMwEI24E2ERNJHZv1wS" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>三分之二研究對(duì)象潛在不同程度的腦小血管病</strong></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUmyIeOOO6YeQuivQ9hntGe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大醫(yī)學(xué)院內(nèi)科及藥物治療學(xué)系腦神經(jīng)科是全球最早發(fā)現(xiàn)腦小血管病與中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙相關(guān)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)之一。 腦小血管病目前可透過(guò)影像檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)。 由中大利國(guó)偉腦神經(jīng)學(xué)教授、醫(yī)學(xué)院內(nèi)科及藥物治療學(xué)系腦神經(jīng)科主任及香港腦科學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)<strong>梁慧康教授</strong>領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì),自2019年起為550名來(lái)自香港各區(qū)不同階層、年齡介乎40至75歲、并未曾患上任何腦神經(jīng)疾病的市民進(jìn)行腦部磁力共振分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)中55%潛藏不帶病征的輕度腦小血管病,11% 罹患中度至嚴(yán)重腦小血管病,及22%出現(xiàn)微出血情況。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUa2YQGg8oEWC48IDHtb8Hb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">高血壓是引致腦小血管病的主要原因,因此研究團(tuán)隊(duì)亦為超過(guò)2,150名市民量度血壓。 根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織血壓標(biāo)準(zhǔn),成人正常血壓水平應(yīng)為120/80mmHg或以下。 是次篩查發(fā)現(xiàn)只有34%市民的血壓處于建議水平,另有28%市民收縮壓高于140mmHg或舒張壓高于90mmHg,當(dāng)中近六成人從未確診高血壓。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGaEKUgwMM4WqUnNueiEgVg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>梁慧康教授</strong>表示:「腦小血管病變一旦出現(xiàn),往往很難逆轉(zhuǎn),因此及早預(yù)防尤為重要。 導(dǎo)致腦小血管病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,例如'三高'是非常普遍的慢性疾病,患者初期大多無(wú)明顯癥狀。 定期檢測(cè)有助識(shí)別無(wú)癥狀人士,以便及早安排介入治療,防止情況惡化及出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥。 市民應(yīng)按年齡、家族病史及其他風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,定期進(jìn)行血壓、血糖及血脂的檢測(cè),及早發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素?!?lt;/span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0Os0GkCm4sCAEhoRScsmcd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong> 管理腦小血管病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素</strong></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4E42KiKEIaGc4WaVKSKY1d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">除高血壓外,導(dǎo)致腦小血管病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素還包括吸煙、飲酒、不健康飲食、缺乏體能活動(dòng)、社會(huì)及心理因素、中央肥胖、高血脂、糖尿病及心臟問題。 有研究顯示中年時(shí)期開始調(diào)整生活習(xí)慣能有效改善相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。 方法包括:</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">定期檢查與及早控制“三高”(即高血壓、高血糖及高血脂)</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">避免吸煙</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">避免過(guò)量飲酒</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">維持理想體重,保持體重指標(biāo)(BMI)在25 以下</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">保持均衡飲食,多菜少肉,并減少油、鹽、糖的攝取</span></div>
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<li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQE2AcWMKQgsQ2hQUH2nSNg" data-list="bullet">
<div><span class="p">進(jìn)行恒常帶氧運(yùn)動(dòng) (即每星期進(jìn)行最少150分鐘中等強(qiáng)度的帶氧活動(dòng),例如急步行或遠(yuǎn)足)</span></div>
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<li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCQC6EekAk648MLriiCJQ3d" data-list="bullet">
<div><span class="p">多做腦部運(yùn)動(dòng)和學(xué)習(xí)新技能,例如閱讀、學(xué)習(xí)使用新技術(shù)或參與桌上游戲</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">保持活躍的社交生活,例如參加長(zhǎng)者中心活動(dòng)、興趣班及義務(wù)工作等</span></div>
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<div><span class="p">保持心境開朗,并維持充足的休息和睡眠</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSwI0GaquCEEImYSRhswAie" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大醫(yī)學(xué)院內(nèi)科及藥物治療學(xué)系腦神經(jīng)科助理教授<strong>葉耀明醫(yī)生</strong>呼吁:「市民應(yīng)提高預(yù)防中風(fēng)及認(rèn)知障礙癥的意識(shí),及早管理腦小血管病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素并建立健康的生活模式,以減慢認(rèn)知功能衰退,保持血管及腦部健康?!?lt;/span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmK0agaaK0EukGIdkfYaVce" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">[1] 政府統(tǒng)計(jì)處,香港人口推算2020-2069</span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWqAG8K0yEUg2uQ6YSVQ5Jd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnau4KQ0e4k6Ou2JaEzWSy3g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">[2] 世界銀行,出生時(shí)預(yù)期壽命 2020</span></div>
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